编译未玖 Science, 25 AUG 2023, VOL 381, ISSUE 6660 《科学》2023年8月25日，第381卷，6660期
天文学Astronomy
Picoflare jets power the solar wind emerging from a coronal hole on the Sun
皮级耀斑喷流为太阳日冕洞产生的太阳风提供动力 ▲
作者：L. P. Chitta, A. N. Zhukov, D. Berghmans, H. Peter, S. Parenti, S. Mandal, et al.
链接：https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.ades801
摘要：
日冕洞是太阳上磁场线开放的区域，也是太阳风的来源区，但太阳风如何从日冕洞中产生尚不清楚。研究组用太阳轨道航天器上的极紫外成像仪观测到了一个日冕洞，并发现了几百千米尺度的喷流，持续20到100秒，速度达到每秒约100千米。这些喷流由磁重联驱动，动能在“皮级耀斑”范围内。喷流是间歇性的，但在观测到的日冕洞内分布广泛。研究组认为，这种皮级耀斑喷流可以产生足够的高温等离子体来维持太阳风，并且太陽風從冠狀孔中以小尺度高度間歇性的出現方式。
Abstract：
Coronal holes are areas on the Sun with open magnetic field lines and they are a source region of the solar wind but how the wind emerges from coronal holes is not known yet we observed a coronal hole using an Extreme Ultraviolet Imager onboard Solar Orbiter spacecraft identified jets on scales of few hundred kilometers lasting between 20 to 100 seconds reaching speeds of ~100 km/s these jets are powered by magnetic reconnection and have kinetic energy in picoflare range intermittent but widespread within observed coronal hole suggest that such picoflare jets could produce enough high-temperature plasma to sustain solar wind and that it emerges from coronal holes as highly intermittent outflow at small scales.
材料科学Materials Science
Pneumatic cells toward absolute Gaussian morphing 气动单元助力绝对高斯变形 ▲
作者：Tian Gao José Bico Beno?t Roman
链接：https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.ad12997
摘要：
在地球平面地图上，不可避免地会发生扭曲。
反过来，如高斯在其开创性定理中所述，在两个方向上同时弯曲一块板需要修改面内距离。
虽然具有程序化面内变形新兴建筑材料能够实现这种形状改变，
但需要对局部弯曲进行额外控制，以精确调控所生成三维表面的最终形状。
受单子叶植物叶片中泡状细胞启发，
我们展示了如何设计平板内部结构，以在加压时同时编程弯曲和面内扭曲，从而形成目标外壳形状。
这些具有可控刚度和快速驱动表面使用消费级材料制造，为大规模变形机器人应用开辟了道路。
Abstract：
On a flat map of Earth continents are inevitably distorted.
Reciprocally curving a plate simultaneously in two directions requires modification of in-plane distances as Gauss stated in his seminal theorem.
Although emerging architectured materials with programmed in-plane distortions can achieve this shape morphing,
an additional control over local bending is required to precisely set final shape of resulting three-dimensional surface.
Inspired by bulliform cells leaves monocotyledon plants show how internal structure flat panels can be designed to program bending and in-plane distortions simultaneously when pressurized leading targeted shell shape.
These surfaces with controlled stiffness fast actuation manufactured using consumer-grade materials open route large-scale shape-morphing robotics applications.
化学Chemistry
Ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst for efficient hydrogen production from methane pyrolysis 三元NiMo-Bi液态合金催化剂助力甲烷热解制氢效率提升
作者：Luning Chen Zhigang Song Shuchen Zhang Chung-Kai Chang Yu-Chun Chuang Xinxing Peng et al.
链接：https://www.science.org/doi/full/10..
